Arkitectur3 & Art

Today more than ever, it is imperative that we begin to be conscious about our water use. Reducing water usage also reduces energy use and the costs associated with building operation; transporting, treating or desalinating water are very energy intensive tasks that are necessary when water is not used carefully. The most sustainable way to manage water usage in a building is to reduce the amount of water used.  This can be done using more efficient washing machines, dishwashers, shower and water fixtures and toilets. More efficient shower fixtures mix air with water to produce a similar feel and effect as regular showers while using significantly less water. Along with low flow sinks and showers, water saving toilets can effectively reduce water consumption. There are a wide variety of options when it comes to toilets depending on one’s needs and willingness to break with one’s cultural influences. Toilets ( Non-renewable w ater ) Toilets similar to the classic flush, they still d...

Engineering construction, is characterized by designs prepared by engineers rather than architects, the provision of facilities usually related to the public infrastructure and thus owned by public-sector entities and funded through bonds, rates or taxes and a high degree of mechanization and the use of much heavy equipment and plant in the construction process.These projects usually emphasize functionality rather than aesthetics and involve substantial quantities of such field materials as timber, steel, piping, soil, concrete and asphalt. More so than other types of construction, engineered construction is often designed by an owner’s in-house staff, such as a provincial highway department or a federal public agency; the Army Corps of Engineers. A general contractor is usually engaged to install the work, with subcontractors as needed to contribute specialty services. With these kinds of projects, the exact quantities of some materials can seldom be ascertained in advance; thus...

General buildings includes residential, commercial, institutional and industrial buildings. Residential construction produces buildings for human habitation, including single-family dwellings, condominiums, multifamily townhouses, flats and apartments and high-rise apartment buildings. Depending on the project’s complexity, such work is usually designed by architects or builders themselves, with construction performed by contractors who hire specialty subcontractors as needed; Commercial construction Commercial construction includes retail and wholesale stores, markets and shops, shopping centers, office buildings, warehouses and small manufacturing facilities. Examples of institutional construction are medical clinics and hospitals, schools and universities, recreational centers and athletic stadiums, governmental buildings and houses of worship and other religious buildings. Architectural firms Architectural firms usually take the lead in the design of commercial and instituti...

The construction industry can be broken down into two very broad categories, General building construction. (Read more) Engineered construction.. (Read more) Most construction contractors concentrate on one of these categories, or even on a specialty within one of them. A third category of contractor is the specialty trade contractor, who usually works as a subcontractor for a general, or prime, contractor responsible for the construction of the entire project. General building construction In this segment we find projects that include residential, commercial, institutional and industrial buildings. Residential construction produces buildings for human habitation, including single-family dwellings, condominiums, multifamily townhouses, flats and apartments and high-rise apartment buildings. Depending on the project’s complexity, such work is usually designed by architects. Engineered construction This segment of construction is characterized by designs prepared by engine...

The management of construction is an enterprise that involves many people with diverse interests, talents and backgrounds. The owner The design professional Contractor Comprise the primary triad of parties, but others, like; Subcontractors Material suppliers Bankers Insurance Bonding companies Attorneys public agency officials These are some vital elements of the project team whose interrelated roles must be coordinated to assure a successful project. Throughout the project life cycle, from the time the owner first contemplates launching a construction project to that celebrated time, many months or years later, when the completed project is ready for use, the tasks carried out by the various parties vary in type and intensity. The primary focus here is on the construction contractor, who carries the lead responsibility for the on-site installation work and all of the associated planning and follow up. It is important, at the same time, to understand how othe...